资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。
2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。
因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。
日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
官方:到2035年全国水土保持率达到75%****** 中新网1月12日电 国新办1月12日就加强新时代水土保持工作有关情况举行发布会。水利部副部长朱程清介绍,《关于加强新时代水土保持工作的意见》要求,到2035年,系统完备、协同高效的水土保持体制机制全面形成,人为水土流失得到全面控制,重点地区水土流失得到全面治理,全国水土保持率达到75%。 朱程清介绍,党的十八大以来,我国水土保持工作取得显著成效,水土流失面积和强度持续呈现“双下降”态势,为促进生态环境改善和经济社会发展发挥了重要作用。据水利部最新监测成果,2021年全国水土流失面积267.42万平方公里,较十年前减少27.49万平方公里,强烈及以上等级面积占比由33.8%下降至18.93%。同时,水土流失治理有效改善了农业生产条件和农村人居环境,促进了地方经济社会发展。 朱程清指出,党的二十大强调,推动绿色发展,促进人与自然和谐共生,对水土保持工作提出了新的更高要求。近日,中办、国办印发了《关于加强新时代水土保持工作的意见》,这是当前和今后一个时期加强水土保持工作的纲领性文件,对于加快构建党委领导、政府负责、部门协同、全社会共同参与的水土保持工作格局,推动新时代水土保持高质量发展具有重大意义。《意见》分为三大板块,共6个部分。 第一板块是总体要求。坚持生态优先、保护为要,坚持问题导向、保障民生,坚持系统治理、综合施策,坚持改革创新、激发活力,锚定全面建成社会主义现代化强国的目标,提出到2025年,水土保持体制机制和工作体系更加完善,管理效能进一步提升,人为水土流失得到有效管控,重点地区水土流失得到有效治理,全国水土保持率达到73%。到2035年,系统完备、协同高效的水土保持体制机制全面形成,人为水土流失得到全面控制,重点地区水土流失得到全面治理,全国水土保持率达到75%。 第二板块包括第二至第五部分,是四项重点任务。 一是全面加强水土流失预防保护。核心是落实节约优先、保护优先、自然恢复为主的方针,结合重要生态系统保护和修复重大工程,统筹推进水土流失预防保护。包括突出抓好水土流失源头防控、加大重点区域预防保护力度、提升生态系统水土保持功能3个方面内容。 二是依法严格人为水土流失监管。重点是落实用最严格制度最严密法治保护生态环境的要求,聚焦有效管住人为水土流失增量提出的政策措施。包括健全监管制度和标准、创新和完善监管方式、加强协同监管、强化企业责任落实4个方面内容。 三是加快推进水土流失重点治理。坚持山水林田湖草沙一体化保护和系统治理,聚焦服务保障国家重大战略,明确水土流失治理的重点任务。包括全面推动小流域综合治理提质增效、大力推进坡耕地水土流失治理、抓好泥沙集中来源区水土流失治理3个方面内容。 四是提升水土保持管理能力和水平。按照推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的要求,对健全规划体系、完善工程建管机制、加强考核、强化监测评价、加强科技创新5个方面进行了部署。 第三板块为第六部分,是保障措施。从加强组织领导、强化统筹协调、加强投入保障、强化宣传教育4个方面对贯彻落实《意见》提出明确要求。 朱程清表示,下一步,水利部将认真贯彻落实党中央、国务院决策部署,积极会同相关部门采取有力措施,推动《意见》各项要求落实落地。 (文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() ![]() 一分快3地图 |